Ngā Pūrongo Ahumahi

I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te mōhiotanga taiao o te ao me te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā kaupapa pūngao hou i roto i te mākete whakawhiti hiko ā-muri. Ehara i te mea ko te whakatairanga anake i te whakawhiti matomato o te pūnaha hiko ēnei kaupapa, engari he tautoko kaha hoki mō te hanganga o tētahi whatunga pūngao haumaru ake, whai hua ake hoki. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pūngao hou pēnei i te hau, te rā me ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, ka taea e ngā whakawhiti hiko hou te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua tuku iho, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te whakatutukitanga o te koretake o te waro o te ao.

Ko te ōwehenga whakawhiti o te whakawhiti hiko e pā ana ki te ōwehenga ngaohiko i waenga i te takai ngaohiko-tiketike (HV) me te takai ngaohiko-iti (LV). Ina koa, e tohu ana i te ōwehenga o te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te taha tuatahi (e tohuhia ana ko te taha ngaohiko-tiketike, ko te taha whakauru rānei) ki te ngaohiko whakatauranga i te taha tuarua (e tohuhia ana ko te taha ngaohiko-iti, ko te taha putanga rānei).

He mea hanga ngā whakawhiti hiko ngaohiko teitei (HV) mō ngā ngaohiko ≥35 kV (Amerika Te Raki) ≥36 kV rānei (Ūropi), e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whatunga tuku hiko hei whakanui ake i te putanga whakaputa hiko mō te tuku tawhiti me te whakaheke i ngā ngaohiko i ngā teihana hiko. He rerekē, ko ngā whakawhiti hiko ngaohiko iti (LV) (≤1 kV) ka whakahaere i te tohatoha ā-rohe, ka whakaheke i te ngaohiko whatunga ki ngā taumata e taea ana te whakamahi mō ngā kawenga kāinga, arumoni, me te ahumahi. Ko ngā whakawhiti hiko te nuinga o ngā tono HV (hei tauira, 110–765 kV), ko ngā whakawhiti tohatoha ia e aro ana ki ngā pūnaha LV (≤33 kV).

Kei te kitea te tipu me te panoni nui o te mākete whakawhiti hiko o Amerika, nā te tawhito o ngā hanganga, te pikinga o te tono hiko, me te whakaurunga o ngā puna hiko whakahou. Kei raro nei he tātaritanga taipitopito o te āhua o nāianei me ngā au o te heke mai.

Ko te whakawhiti hiko rumaki he momo whakawhiti hiko e whakamahi ana i te hinu hei ārai me te whakamatao. Ka mahi tēnei whakawhiti mā te huri i te au hiko rerekē (AC) mai i tētahi taumata ngaohiko ki tētahi atu, mā te whakanui (whakapiki) te ngaohiko rānei (whakaheke) te ngaohiko. Kei roto i te whakawhiti he matua aukume, he takai, me ngā pūwero, kua rumaki katoa ki te hinu whakawhiti, he mahi nui tēnei ki te pupuri i te mahi a te taputapu.

Ko te uho te ngākau o te ara iahiko aukume o te whakawhiti hiko. Ka pā tika tōna kounga ki te ngaronga kawenga kore me te taumata haruru o te whakawhiti hiko.

Ko te pūwhakawhiti whakawhiti mō te hanga hauwai te "ngākau me te pūnaha tuku hiko" motuhake mō ngā taputapu hanga hauwai hiko wai (te electrolyzer). Ko tana mahi matua ko te huri i te auhiko whakawhiti (AC) o te whatunga ki te auhiko tika (DC) me te auhiko teitei me te ngaohiko iti e hiahiatia ana e te electrolyzer.

He whakarōpūtanga haumaru tēnei i ahu mai i ngā paerewa hoahoa tipu hiko karihi (hei tauira, IEEE Std 323 i te US, GB/T 12727 rānei i Haina). E pā ana ki ngā taputapu me ngā pūnaha hiko e tika ana mō te mahi i ngā mahi haumaru matua, pērā i te whakaweto ohorere o te tauhohenga, te wehewehenga pupuri, te whakamatao i te matua o te tauhohenga, me te aukati i te tukunga o ngā rauemi irahiko.

Me te momo tawhito1000kVA whakawhiti hikoI tēnei wā, e whakahaere ana i tētahi kawenga tata ki te 200kW, ka taea e tēnei whakawhiti hiko te whakatutuki i te pikinga o te tono mēnā kei te whakaaro tātou ki te tāpiri i tētahi kawenga hou tata ki te 600kW? Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei pātai he ariā taketake: te whanaungatanga me te rerekētanga i waenga i te kVA me te kW.

I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te mōhiotanga taiao o te ao me te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā kaupapa pūngao hou i roto i te mākete whakawhiti hiko ā-muri. Ehara i te mea ko te whakatairanga anake i te whakawhiti matomato o te pūnaha hiko ēnei kaupapa, engari he tautoko kaha hoki mō te hanganga o tētahi whatunga pūngao haumaru ake, whai hua ake hoki. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pūngao hou pēnei i te hau, te rā me ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, ka taea e ngā whakawhiti hiko hou te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua tuku iho, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te whakatutukitanga o te koretake o te waro o te ao.