Kei tua atu i te Pukapuka: Me pēhea te Whakamātautau me te Whakamana i ngā Whakawhitiwhiti mō ngā Mākete o te Ao

Kupu Whakataki

I te hoko i tētahi whakawhiti hiko, he wāhanga noa iho o te kōrero ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau. Ko te tohu pono o te kounga kei roto i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā tohu tiwhikete. Mō ngā tohunga hokohoko e whakateretere ana i ngā mākete o te ao, mā te mārama ki te tikanga o ēnei whakamātautau me ngā tiwhikete he mea nui, ka rerekē ai te haumi pono me te hapa utu nui.

Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga he aratohu poto mō te whakamātautau me te tiwhikete o ngā whakawhiti hiko—he aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana, he aha ngā rerekētanga, me ngā tiwhikete o te ao me rapu e koe.

Wāhanga Tuatahi: Ngā Whakamātautau Auau me ngā Whakamātautau Momo—Te Mōhio ki te Rerekētanga

E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ngā whakamātautau whakawhiti hiko, he rerekē te mahi a ia wāhanga.

Ngā whakamātautau auauka whakahaerehia ki ia whakawhiti i mua i tōna wehenga atu i te wheketere. Ka manatokohia e rātou kei te kore he hapa hanga o te waeine, ā, kei te mahi ia i runga i te hoahoa. Ko ngā whakamātautau matua o ia rā ko:

• Te ine i te ātete takai
• Te manatoko i te ōwehenga ngaohiko me te nekehanga ā-wāhanga
• Te ngaronga kore-kawenga me te ine i te au
• Te ine i te ngaronga kawenga me te aukati i te ara iahiko poto
• Ngā whakamātautau hiko-kore (te ātete ki te auau mana)
• Te ine i te ātete ārai

Ngā whakamātautau momoka mahia i runga i te kotahi wae o te hoahoa hei whakamana i te hangarau tonu. He whānui ēnei, he nui hoki ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana, ka mahia kotahi noa iho mō ia hoahoa mēnā kāore he huringa nui e mahia. Kei roto i ēnei:

• Whakamātautau pikinga pāmahana
• Whakamātautau uira
• Te ine i te taumata oro

Ngā whakamātautau motuhakehe whakamātautau tāpiri kua whakaaetia i waenga i te kaihanga me te kaihoko mō ngā tono motuhake—te ine wāhanga o te tukunga, te whakamātautau ātete ara iahiko poto, te tātari urupare auau rānei hei kite i te nekehanga matua.

Wāhanga Tuarua: Ngā Tiwhikete Matua o te Ao

He rerekē ngā tiwhikete e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mākete rerekē. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei whakaritenga kia uru atu ai ki te mākete.

Te Kotahitanga o Ūropi.He mea whakahau te tohu CE, hei whakaatu i te tutuki i ngā ture a te EU. Me tutuki hoki i ngā hua ngā whakaritenga whai hua o Ecodesign.

Amerika ki te Raki.Ko te tiwhikete UL te paerewa haumaru e mōhiotia ana mō te mākete o Amerika, engari ko te tiwhikete CSA e hiahiatia ana mō Kanata. E rua ngā mea e whai wāhi ana ki te whakamātautau pakari me ngā tirotiro wheketere.

Anga Ao Whānui.Mā te Kaupapa IECEE CB ka whakaaetia ngātahitia ngā pūrongo whakamātautau i waenga i ngā whenua whai wāhi. Ka taea e te pūrongo whakamātautau CB kotahi te whakahaere i ngā whakaaetanga puta noa i ngā mākete maha—he mea tino whai hua mō ngā kaihanga e mahi ana ki ngā rohe rerekē.

Te Rawhiti o Waenganui.He mea ā-ture te tiwhikete SASO mō Saudi Arabia, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he whakamātautau tāpiri mō ngā pāmahana taiao teitei (55°C).

Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti.Ko ngā mākete pēnei i a Indonesia e hiahia ana ki te tiwhikete SNI; ko Thailand e hiahia ana ki te TISI. He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he tiaki urunga IP54, neke atu rānei, mō ngā āhuarangi pārūrū.

Wāhanga Tuatoru: Ngā Mea hei Rapu i roto i ngā Pūrongo Whakamātautau

Ehara i te mea ko ngā hua paahi/kore anake kei roto i te pūrongo whakamātautau. Mā te mōhio ki ngā mea hei tirotiro ka āwhina i te manatoko i te kounga.

Mō ngā whakamātautau ōwehenga hurihanga,whakatairitehia ngā uara ine ki ngā whakatakotoranga ingoa. He mea noa ngā rerekētanga i roto i te 0.5 ōrau; ko ngā rerekētanga nui ake ka tohu pea i ngā raruraru takai.

Mō te ātete ārai,me neke atu ngā uara i te 100 MΩ mō te reo-Ngā Whakawhiti Ngaohiko. He rangahau tono mō ngā pānui i raro i te 10 MΩ.

Mō ngā whakamātautau dielectric,manatoko kei te tutuki ngā ngaohiko i whakamahia i ngā whakaritenga IEC 60076-3, ā, kāore he pakaru i puta i te wā whakamātautau.

Tirohia tonutia:ngā rā whakatikatika taputapu whakamātautau, ngā āhuatanga taiao i te wā whakamātautau, me te mea i kitea ngā whakamātautau e tētahi rōpū tuatoru motuhake.

Wāhanga Tuawhā: Whakamātautau Whakaaetia e te Wheketere—Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Ngā Kaihoko

Mō ngā kaupapa nui, he maha ngā wā ka kite ngā kaihoko i ngā Whakamātautau Whakaae o te Wheketere (FAT). Mā tēnei ka tutuki i te whakawhiti hiko ngā whakaritenga i mua i te tuku.

Ko ngā mahi pai rawa atu ko:

• Te arotake i te tukanga whakamātautau i mua i te tīmatanga o te hanga
• Te whakarite kia tino huihui te whakawhiti hiko mō te whakamātautau (me ngā wāhanga katoa)
• Te manatoko kei te tika te whakatikatika o ngā taputapu whakamātautau
• Te tuhi i ngā hua katoa me ngā tohu wā me te tautuhi kaiwhakahaere

Kei te tuku ētahi kaihanga i te FAT mariko, e taea ai te kauwhau mamao—he huarahi utu iti ina kore e taea te haere.

Whakamutunga

Ehara te whakamātautau me te tiwhikete i ngā tikanga ā-tari – engari he tikanga whakaū kounga nui. Ka hopukina e ngā whakamātautau o ia rā ngā hapa hanga. Ka whakamanahia te hangarau e ngā whakamātautau momo. Ka whakaratohia e ngā tiwhikete te urunga ki te mākete me te manatoko a te hunga tuatoru.

Mō ngā tohunga hokohoko, ko te whai wā ki te mārama ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete ka hua ake te pono o ngā rawa me te whakaiti i te mōrearea ture. Ko te whakawhiti hiko e tae mai ana me ngā tuhinga whakamātautau katoa, pono hoki, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka tukuna he ratonga kore raruraru mō ngā tekau tau.