Ngā Whakawhiti Motuhake mō te HVDC Flex: Te Whakahohe i te Mana Hau Tawhiti-Tawhiti

Kupu Whakataki

I te neke haere o ngā pāmu hau moana mai i te takutai—neke atu i te 100 kiromita ki roto i ngā wai hohonu—ka tae te tuku hiko AC tuku iho ki ōna rohe hangarau. He rite ngā taura raro moana ki ngā pūngao nui, e pau ana te mana tauhohe, ā, e kore ai e taea te tuku hiko whai hua i ngā tawhiti roa. Koinei te wāhi e hiranga ai te hangarau tuku hiko ngāwari o te au hiko tika teitei (HVDC), me te mea nei, he momo hou o ngā whakawhiti hiko motuhake.

Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te tūranga o ēnei whakawhiti hiko i roto i te tuku hiko hau ki tai, me ngā whakaritenga hangarau e wehewehe ai i a rātou mai i ngā waeine tuku iho.

Wāhanga Tuatahi: He aha te HVDC Flex mō te Hau Moana Hōhonu?

Te Wero Pūngao.Ina rere te mana AC mā roto i ngā taura raro moana, ka mahi te taura tonu hei pūnga hiko. Neke atu i te 70 kiromita, ka nui rawa te mana tauhohe e pau ana i te taura, ā, ka iti noa te mana hohe e tae atu ana ki uta. Ka whakakorea tēnei raruraru e te tuku HVDC—kāore te iahiko tika e hanga i tētahi pānga pūnga hiko, ka taea ai te tuku hiko pai mō ngā rau kiromita.

Ngā Painga o te DC Ngāwari.He rerekē tēnei i te HVDC tuku iho, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tautoko whatunga AC pumau, ka whakamahia e te HVDC ngāwari (te "HVDC Flex" rānei) ngā kaitahuri pūtake-ngaohiko ka taea te whakahaere motuhake i te mana hohe me te mana tauhohe. Nā tēnei ka pai mō te hono i ngā pūtake whakahou rerekē pērā i te hau moana, kāore nei i te kaha hurihuri o ngā tipu hiko tuku iho.

Wāhanga Tuarua: Ngā Whakawhiti Motuhake e Hiahiatia ana

He maha ngā momo whakawhiti hiko motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pūnaha HVDC Flex, ā, he rerekē ngā wero e pā ana ki ia momo.

Ngā Whakawhiti Whakawhiti.Ka hono ēnei i te whatunga kohikohinga AC ki ngā takirere kaitahuri DC. Mō ngā tono moana hohonu, me whakahaere e rātou ngā ahotea AC me DC i te wā kotahi—he āhuatanga e nui ai ngā tono ki ngā pūnaha whakamahana. Kei te piki haere tonu ngā taumata ngaohiko; kua eke ngā kaupapa tata nei ki te ±500 kV, e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā kaitahuri e kaha ana ki te tu atu i ngā mara hiko AC me DC kua whakakotahitia.

Ngā Whakawhiti Pūhara Tāpoi Moana.Ina tāutahia ki runga i ngā papaaho taimoana, me tu atu ēnei waeine ki ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino: te waikura rehu tote, te haumākū nui, te wiri mai i te ngaru, me ngā wāhi kuiti. Ko te whakamātautau rehu tote mō ngā whakawhiti hiko taimoana e hiahiatia ana he 1,440 hāora—e rua, e toru rānei te roa o te whakamātautau mō ngā taputapu paerewa.

Ngā Whakaritenga Hoahoa Māmā.Ko ia tana taumaha i runga i te papaaho tai moana ka nui ake te utu ki ngā turanga me ngā waka tāutanga. Ka whai ngā miihini i ngā hoahoa kiato, mama hoki, me te kore e whakararu i te pono. Ko ngā mahi auaha hou ko ngā pūnaha whakamatao kua arotauhia me ngā rauemi whakamarumaru matatau e whakaiti ana i te rahi o te whakawhiti hiko me te pupuri tonu i te mahi.

Wāhanga Tuatoru: Ngā Wero Hangarau

Te Whakaritenga o te Ārai Mate.Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā ngaohiko AC me DC i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko ka hangaia he tohatoha mara hiko uaua. Ka taea e ngā utu ātea te kohikohi i roto i ngā rauemi whakamahana i raro i te ahotea DC, ka arahi pea ki te tukunga ā-wāhanga me te rahunga. Mā te whakatauira matatau mā te whakamahi i te tātari huānga mutunga kore ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha whakamahana e whakahaere ana i ēnei pānga.

Te Pakari o te Mīhini.Me ora tonu ngā whakawhiti hiko o tai i te kawe waka i te moana, te tāutanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua, me ngā tekau tau o te wiri tonu. Mā ngā hanganga tāke whakapakari, ngā pūnaha whakapiri kua whakarei ake, me te whiriwhiringa tupato o ngā wāhanga ka whakarite kia mau tonu te āhua o te miihini puta noa i te oranga o te rawa.

Te Whakamatao i ngā Wāhi Kuiti.He iti noa te wāhi mō ngā taputapu whakamatao i ngā papaaho moana. Ka arotauhia e ngā kaihoahoa te mahi wera mā te whakatauira i ngā hihiri wai matatau, kia taea ai e ngā whakawhiti hiko te mahi i te taumata katoa ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao wera, kua kati.

Wāhanga Tuawhā: He Kaupapa Tohu Paetahi

He whanaketanga nui te kaupapa hau moana o Guangdong Yangjiang Sanshan Island i tēnei mara. Kei te neke atu i te 100 kiromita mai i te takutai moana o Haina, ka tukuna e tēnei kaupapa te 2,000 MW o te hiko ma ki te Rohe Nui o Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, e mahi ana ki te tata ki te 2.4 miriona whare.

Kei waenganui o tēnei kaupapa ko ngā whakawhiti hiko DC ngāwari ±500 kV—he nui ngā waeine e 380 tana te taumaha o ia waeine, he rite ki te 200 waka pāhihi. Ka whakanui ake ēnei whakawhiti hiko i te mana mai i te 66 kV ki te 500 kV AC i mua i te hurihanga ki te DC mō te tuku hiko. Neke atu i te tekau tau te roa o te rangahau me te whanaketanga i hiahiatia mō te kaupapa, me te wikitoria i ngā wero o te ātete ki te rehu tote, te hoahoa rū whenua, me te arotau i te wāhi.

Wāhanga Tuarima: Ngā Aronga ā-Mārama

I te horapa haere o te hau tai ki ngā wai hohonu ake, ka piki haere tonu ngā taumata hiko. E tohu ana ngā mahere mahi ahumahi ki te 525 kV, tae atu ki ngā hiko DC teitei ake, e hiahiatia ana he whakawhiti hiko he kaha ake te whakamarumaru me te kaha o te mana.

Kei te ahu whakamua hoki ngā mahi whakapūmau. Ko ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te IEC 60076-16 e aro nui ana ki ngā whakawhiti hiko mō ngā tono tāpoi hau, e whakarato ana i ngā aratohu mō ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau me te mahi mō ngā whakaurunga ki tai.

Whakamutunga

Mā ngā whakawhiti hiko motuhake mō te HVDC Flex ka taea te hora i te hau tai ki ngā wai hohonu ina kore e taea te tuku hiko AC. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā whakaritenga hiko tino nui me ngā āhuatanga taiao uaua, ko ēnei waeine te mata hou o te hangarau whakawhiti hiko.

Mō ngā tohunga hokohoko, mā te mārama ki ngā hiahia motuhake o ngā tono HVDC ki tāwāhi ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā taputapu e tika ana me te aromatawai i ngā āheinga o ngā kaiwhakarato. I te haere tonu o te whānui haere o te pūngao whakahou ki te ao, ka noho tonu ēnei whakawhiti motuhake hei wāhanga nui o te hanganga pūngao ma.