He aha te Whakawhitinga Irahiko?

He teihana itiwhakawhitihe momo whakawhiti hiko motuhake i hangaia hei huri i ngā taumata ngaohiko i roto i te teihana hiko. Ka āwhina i te tuku i te pūngao hiko mai i ngā raina tuku ngaohiko teitei ki ngā taumata ngaohiko iti ake e tika ana mō te tohatoha ki ngā kaihoko.

Ngā Whakawhitinga Teihana Whakamahinga:

Ngā whakawhiti teihana hikoe whakamahia ana e ngā Tohatoha Mana ngā kamupene. Ka whiwhi rātou i te hiko ngaohiko teitei, ka whakaheke i te ngaohiko ki raro iho, ka taea te tohatoha ki ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi. Ka taea e ēnei whakawhiti hiko te whakaputa i te iahiko AC kotahi-wāhanga me te iahiko toru-wāhanga, ā, he mea nui ēnei i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha hiko o te tāone me te taiwhenua. Ko te tāutanga o ngā whakawhiti hiko whaipainga ka piri ki ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te IEC me te IEEE, e whakarite ana i te pono me te haumaru.

Ngā Whakawhitinga Teihana Ira Whaiaro:

Ka whakamahia ngā whakawhiti hiko whaiaro ki ngā kaiwhakamahi takitahi, pērā i ngā kura, ngā hōhipera, me ngā wharekai. Ko te tikanga ka mahi ēnei whakawhiti hiko i ngā taumata ngaohiko reo-waenga me te iti, kia pai ai te tuku hiko haumaru me te whai hua e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te whare. He mea nui ēnei mō ngā wāhi e hiahia ana ki ngā pūtake hiko motuhake, hei āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā piki me te heke o te ngaohiko me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hiko.

Teihana Whakawhiti o raro whenua:

He mea hanga motuhake ngā whakawhiti hiko o raro whenua mō ngā whakaurunga he iti te wāhi. Ka tāutahia ēnei whakawhiti hiko ki raro whenua hei whakaiti i te pānga tirohanga me te tiaki i a rātou mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā rauemi me ngā hinu motuhake hei whakatutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga, hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru whakahaere i roto i ngā wāhi kuiti. Mā ēnei whakawhiti hiko ka noho tonu te tohatoha hiko me te whai hua ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao tāone nui e noho pukumahi ana.

Me pēhea te mahi a teWhakawhitinga Teihana IrahikoMahi?

Te whakahaere i tētahi teihana hikowhakawhitie hangai ana ki te aukume hikohiko. Ina rere te aukume whakawhiti (AC) mā te takai tuatahi, ka hangaia he papa aukume. Kātahi ka whakaohohia e tēnei papa aukume te ngaohiko i roto i te takai tuarua mā te aukume hikohiko.

Anei tētahi whakamārama taipitopito mō te tukanga:

1. Ngaohiko Whakauru: Ka whiwhi te whakawhiti hiko i te hiko ngaohiko teitei mai i te whatunga hiko mā te taha ngaohiko teitei. Ko te tikanga, kei waenganui i te 11 kV me te 440 kV te teitei o tēnei ngaohiko, i runga i te momo whakawhiti hiko teihana hiko.
2. Tukanga Whakaoho: Ka whakaputahia he papa aukume e te iahiko i roto i te takai tuatahi, ka puta ai he ngaohiko i roto i te takai tuarua. Ko te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā hurihanga i roto i ngā takai tuatahi me te tuarua e whakatau ana mēnā ka whakanuia, ka whakaitihia rānei te ngaohiko.
3. Te Whakawhitinga Ngaohiko: I runga i te hoahoa o te whakawhiti hiko, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko whakaoho (te whakawhiti hiko piki-ake) te whakaheke rānei (te whakawhiti hiko heke-iho) ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana. He mea nui tēnei hei whakataurite i te ngaohiko puta noa i te whatunga hiko me te whakarite kia haumaru te tuku ki ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.
4. Tikanga Whakamatao: I roto i Whakawhiti Hinu-Rukuhias, ka āwhina te hinu e karapoti ana ki te whakamatao i ngā koiri takai me te matua. I te mahi a te whakawhiti hiko, ka puta te wera, ā, ka mimiti te hinu i tēnei wera, ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te pāmahana mahi tino pai.
5. Ngaohiko Putanga: Kātahi ka tukuna te ngaohiko kua hurihia mā te taha ngaohiko-iti, kia rite ai mō te tohatoha ki ngā kaihoko. Ko te tikanga, kei waenga i te 0.6 kV ki te 35 kV tēnei ngaohiko, he pai mō te whakamahinga kāinga me te arumoni.

He aha ngā momoNgā Whakawhitinga Teihana IrahikoKei reira?

Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā whakawhiti hiko i runga i ētahi paearu, tae atu ki te taumata ngaohiko, te kaupapa, me te tikanga tāutanga.

-Ngā Whakawhiti Hikohiko Teitei: Ka mahi ēnei whakawhiti hiko i ngā taumata ngaohiko mai i te 11 kV ki te 69 kV, ā, kua hangaia hei whakahaere i te hiko ngaohiko teitei.

-Ngā Teihana Irirangi EHV (Ngaohiko Tino Teitei): Ka mahi ngā whakawhiti hiko EHV me ngā ngaohiko mai i te 132 kV ki te 440 kV, ā, he mea nui tēnei ki te tuku hiko mai i tawhiti.

-Ngā Whakawhiti Hiko-Whakarunga me te Hiko-Whakararo: Ka whakanui, ka whakaiti rānei ēnei whakawhiti i ngā taumata ngaohiko e hiahiatia ana, kia pai ai te whakawhiti hiko puta noa i te whatunga hiko.

-Whakawhiti Wehewehes: Ka whakamahia ēnei hei wehe i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha hiko, kia mau ai te haumaru i te wā tiaki me te whakahaere.

-Ngā Whakawhiti Auautanga Taurangi: Kāore i te tino kitea mō te whakamahinga kāinga, ka whakarerekētia e ēnei whakawhiti te auau o te tuku hiko, e whakamahia nuitia ana i ngā tono ahumahi.

E hia te taumaha o te whakawhiti hiko o te teihana hiko?

Ka rerekē te taumaha o tētahi whakawhiti hiko i runga i tōna hoahoa, tōna kaha, me ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e ngā whakawhiti hiko nui ake te taumaha i ngā tāne e hia. Hei tauira, ka taea e te whakawhiti hiko me te kaha o te 5000 kVA te taumaha tata ki te 27,000 kg (tata ki te 60,000 lbs), ko ngā whakawhiti hiko nui ake ka taea te neke atu i te 50,000 kg (tata ki te 110,000 lbs).

Ngā Take Matua e Pā Ana ki te Taumaha:

-Ngā Whakatauranga Pūngao: Ka nui ake te taumaha o ngā whakawhiti hiko kaha ake nā te mea he nui ake ngā koiri takai me ngā matua nui ake.

- Rauemi i Whakamahia: Ko te momo hinu e whakamahia ana mō te whakamatao (kohuke, huawhenua, hinu hiraka rānei) ka whai wāhi atu ki te taumaha.

-Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hoahoa: Tērā pea ka tāpirihia he taumaha e ngā hoahoa ritenga nā runga i ngā āhuatanga haumaru tāpiri, nā ngā rauemi hanga motuhake rānei.

Te Rerekētanga i waenga i te Whakawhiti me te Teihana Irahiko

Ahakoa he mea nui ngā whakawhiti hiko me ngā teihana hiko iti ki ngā pūnaha tohatoha hiko, he rerekē ā rāua mahi:

-He taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngā taputapu e huri ana i te ngaohiko hiko mai i tētahi taumata ki tētahi atu mā te whakamahi i te aukume hikohiko. Ka kitea ēnei i roto i ngā tono maha, mai i ngā whare noho ki ngā pūnaha ahumahi.

-Ko ngā teihana hiko, i tētahi atu taha, he whare kei reira ngā whakawhiti hiko, ngā whati hiko, me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakahaere me te whakahaere i te rere o te hiko i roto i te whatunga hiko. He hononga nui ēnei hei whakawhiti i te hiko ngaohiko teitei ki ngā ngaohiko iti iho hei tohatoha.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea nui te mārama ki te mahi a ngā whakawhiti hiko mō te hunga katoa e uru ana ki te hangarau hiko, ki te tohatoha hiko rānei. He mea nui ēnei whakawhiti hiko hei whakarite kia tukuna te hiko ki ngā kaihoko me te haumaru, kia whai hua hoki, me te pupuri tonu i te pono o te whatunga hiko. I te mea kei te tipu haere tonu te hiahia mō te pūngao pumau, ka nui haere te hiranga o te tūranga o ngā whakawhiti hiko, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō ngā whanaketanga tonu i roto i te hangarau me ngā mahi hangarau.