Te Mārama ki te Pēhanga, te Ātete, me ngā Inemahana Muka Whatu

Te mahi pono o tētahi Whakawhiti Hinu-Rukuhia Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pumau o te hinu ārai ā-roto me ngā pāmahana o te takai. Ko te wera rawa te tino take o te tere o te koroheketanga o te ārai, te hekenga o te mahi, ā, i te mutunga, ngā rahunga. Nō reira, ko te aroturuki i te pāmahana tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino nui me te tino hira o te whakahaere me te tiaki i te whakawhiti hiko. Mai i ngā waea miihini tuku iho ki ngā pūnaha muka whatu atamai hou, ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o te inemahana he whanaketanga o te hangarau aroturuki whakawhiti hiko mai i te tirotiro puku ki te whakatūpato wawe kaha.

 

Ka whakarārangihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo inemahana e whakamahia ana i ngā whakawhiti hiko hinu-rumatia, ā, ka whakaratohia he tātaritanga hōhonu mō ā rātou mātāpono mahi me ngā āhuatanga tono.

 

Upoko 1: Te "Rākau Whānau" o ngā Inemahana – He Tirohanga Taipitopito ki ngā Momo Matua e Toru

I runga i ngā mātāpono ine me te wāhi tāutanga, ka wehea ngā inemahana mō ngā whakawhiti hiko kua rumakina ki te hinu ki ngā wāhanga e toru e whai ake nei. Ka hangaia he whatunga aroturuki toru-ahu mai i te pāmahana hinu teitei ki ngā wāhi wera o te takai.

 

1. Inemahana Momo Pēhanga (Inemahana Pānui Mamao)

Mātāpono Mahi: He taputapu miihini matarohia tēnei e hangai ana ki te whakawhānui/whakaiti wera me te tuku pēhanga wai/hau. E toru ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha:

 

Pūangi Mahana (Pūoko): Kua whakaurua ki roto i te hinu kei te tihi o te tāke whakawhiti hiko, kua whakakīia ki tētahi reo tairongo-mahana (hei tauira, he wai, he hau, he wai iti-te-koropupū rānei).

 

Ngongo Āpiti: He ngongo whakarewa roa, angiangi e hono ana i te pūangi ki te pane ine, kua whakakiia ki te reo tuku pēhanga.

 

Upoko Ine (Tohu): Kua whakamauhia ki te pakitara o te tāke whakawhiti hiko, ki te kāpata whakahaere rānei, he mita pea te tawhiti atu i te pūangi. Ko tōna uho he ngongo Bourdon – he ngongo whakarewa piko, he ngāwari. Ina wera te pūangi, ka tukuna te huringa pēhanga ā-roto mā te kapia ki te ngongo Bourdon, ka huri tōna āhua. Ka nekehia e tēnei hurihanga he tohu mā roto i tētahi tikanga hononga, e whakaatu ana i te pāmahana.

 

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua:

 

He miihini noa iho, kāore e hiahiatia he hiko o waho, he ātete pai ki te pokanoa hikohiko, he tino pono.

 

Ka taea te tāuta i te pane ine mai i tawhiti hei āwhina i te pānui ā-rohe.

 

I te nuinga o te wā he 1-2 ngā hononga whakarerekētanga mō ngā mahi whakaoho pāmahana nui me te hinga.

 

He puhoi ake te tika me te tere o te urupare ki te whakataurite ki ngā momo hiko, ā, ka ngawari te pakaru o te ngongo capillary.

 

Te Whakamahinga Noa: Ko te taputapu aroturuki me te whakaoho matua mō te pāmahana hinu-runga, he āhuatanga tata paerewa i runga i ngā whakawhiti hiko katoa kua rumakina ki te hinu.

 

2. Pūoko Pāmahana Ātete (RTD, hei tauira, PT100)

Mātāpono Mahi: I runga i te āhuatanga o te rerekētanga o te ātete o te kaiārahi hiko me te pāmahana. Ko te huānga pūoko tino noa ko te inemahana ātete konukawata, ko te PT100 e tohu ana i te ātete o te 100 ohms i te 0°C. Ka rerekē tika, ka rārangi hoki tōna ātete me te pāmahana.

 

Ngā Wāhanga Pūnaha:

 

Pūwero RTD Paramu: Kua tāuta ki roto i tētahi poka inemahana kei te tihi o te whakawhiti hiko, kua rumakina ki te hinu.

 

Te Ine i te Piriti me te Tuku: He maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia ki roto i tētahi waeine whakahaere atamai. Ka inehia e te ara iahiko tika te ātete o te PT100, ka hurihia hei tohu iahiko paerewa 4-20mA, hei tohu matihiko rānei.

 

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua:

 

He tika te ine, ka taea te tuku tohu i ngā tawhiti roa, he pai te ātete ki te haruru.

 

He tohu hiko paerewa te putanga, he ngāwari te whakauru ki ngā tūāpapa aunoatanga pēnei i te SCADA (Mana Whakahaere me te Kohi Raraunga) me te DCS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha) mō te aroturuki mamao pokapū.

 

He maha ngā wā ka tāutahia ki te taha o te inemahana momo-pēhanga, hei tikanga koretake, hei tikanga tika ake rānei mō te aroturuki mamao me te tuhi i te pāmahana hinu.

 

Te Whakamahinga Noa: Whakamahia mō te tuku mamao me te aroturuki mamati o te pāmahana hinu-runga, koinei te tūāpapa o ngā teihana hiko aunoa hou, kāore he kaitiaki.

 

3. Pūnaha Ine Pāmahana Matapihi Muka Whatu (Te Ine "Wāhi-Wera" Tika Tino Matatau)

Mātāpono Mahi: Koinei te hangarau tino tika, tino matatau hoki mō te aroturuki i te pāmahana o te takai. E hangai ana ki te ahupūngao o ngā Whariki muka Bragg.

 

Pūoko Whatunga Muka Bragg (FBG): Ka tuhia he rerekētanga ā-wā i roto i te taupū whakaata (he whatunga) ki roto i tētahi wāhanga o te muka whatu motuhake mā te whakamahi i te laser. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua: Ka whakaatahia te mārama o tētahi roangaru motuhake (ngaru roangaru Bragg), ā, ka neke haere tēnei roangaru whakaata i runga i te rārangi me ngā huringa o te pāmahana (te taumahatanga rānei) i te wāhi o te whatunga.

 

Tukanga Ine: Ka whakauruhia tika tētahi taura muka whatu ngāwari kua whakauruhia ki roto i ngā pūoko FBG maha i waenganui i ngā paparanga whakamarumaru o ngā takai hiko-tiketike i ngā wāhi wera rawa i matapaetia i te wā e hangaia ana te whakawhiti hiko. Ka tukuna e te pūnaha te mārama whānui, ā, mā te tātari i te roanga ngaru motuhake e whakaatahia ana mai i ia kupenga, ka taea e ia te tiki tika me te wā tūturu i te pāmahana tino tika i ngā wāhi rerekē i roto i te takai.

 

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua:

 

Ine tika i te pāmahana o te wāhi wera o te miro, ehara i te whakatau tata. He tino pono, he tino pono hoki ngā raraunga.

 

Haumaru ā-roto: He mea hanga te muka whatu ki te silica, he ārai i te werawera, he ātete ki te ngaohiko teitei, ā, he ātete ki te pokanoa hikohiko, he pumau te mahi i roto i ngā mara EM kaha.

 

Ine tohatoha: Ka taea e te muka kotahi te pupuri i ngā tini pūwāhi pūoko, ka taea ai te mahere wera katoa o te takai.

 

Te whakahohenga matua mō te "Whakatauranga Hihiri" o te whakawhiti hiko me te aromatawai i te roanga o te wā.

 

Te Whakamahinga Noa: Ngā whakawhiti hiko nui, tino nui (hei tauira, EHV, ngā whakawhiti hiko kaitahuri), ngā teihana hiko atamai e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i te kaha kawenga.

 

Upoko 2: Whakamārama Kaupapa Matua – Te Pāmahana Hinu-Runga vs. Te Pāmahana Hurihuri

He ariā tino nui tēnei, ā, ko te tīmatanga hoki tēnei mō te whiriwhiri i ngā momo inemahana.

 

Te Pāmahana Hinu-Runga: Ka ine i te pāmahana o te hinu kei te tihi o te tāke. Ka whakaata i te kawenga wera whānui o te whakawhiti hiko engari he whakaroa wera. Ina huri te kawenga, ka tere rawa te huri o te pāmahana o te takai, ā, muri iho ka huri te pāmahana hinu. Ka inehia tēnei e ngā inemahana momo-pēhanga me te RTD.

 

Te Pāmahana o te Wāhi Wera o te Hurihanga: E pā ana ki te pūwāhi wera rawa atu o te whakawhiti hiko katoa, kei te wāhanga o runga o te hurihanga ngaohiko iti. Koinei te tawhā tino nui e whakatau ana i te tere tawhito o te whakamarumaru me te kaha kawenga. Kāore e taea e ngā tikanga tuku iho te ine tika, engari ka whakawhirinaki ki te Tohu Pāmahana Hurihanga (WTI) e whakatauira/whakatau tata ana mā te whakamahi i te "whakatikatika pāmahana hinu-runga + iahiko." Ko te ine muka whatu anake te hangarau ka taea te ine tika me te tika.