Ngā Whakamārama mō ngā Akoranga Whai Hua Pūngao o te Whakawhitiwhiti: Mai i ngā Paerewa ā-Motu ki ngā Tikanga Kōwhiri (Putanga 2025)

I te whanaketanga o ngā whāinga kore-waro, kua noho te whai huatanga o te pūngao o te whakawhiti hiko hei ine matua mā ngā umanga hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te whakatutuki i ngā kawenga pāpori. I runga i ngā paerewa ā-motu pēnei i teGB 20052-2024, e whakarato ana tēnei tuhinga i tētahi tātaritanga hōhonu o ngā akomanga whai huatanga pūngao, ngā tikanga whakamātautau, me ngā rautaki whiriwhiri hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā penapena pūngao.

 

 

I. Ngā Whakamāramatanga o te Akomanga Whai Hua Pūngao me te Whanaketanga Paerewa

1. Te Pūnaha Whai Hua Pūngao o Haina

 

Akomanga 1 (NX1):Ko te taumata ārahi o te ao, ko ngā mate kore-kawenga/kawenga he 30-50% te iti iho i te Akomanga 3.

 

Akomanga 2 (NX2):He matatau mō te motu, he pai mō ngā kawenga pumau mō te wā roa.

 

Akomanga 3 (NX3):Te paepae whakauru mākete; ka whakakorea ngā tauira tawhito (hei tauira, S11) i muri i te tau 2025.=-2025

 

Te tapanga:Me whakairi ngā tapanga whai hua pūngao kikorangi-mā ki ngā mata o ngā hua.

 

2. Ngā Paerewa Tawhito me ngā Paerewa Hou

II. Ngā Rerekētanga Whai Hua: Momo-Maroke me te Momo-Rukuhia ki te Hinu

1.Whakawhiti Momo-Marokengā

 

Ngā Tauira Tino Pai:

 

SCB18 (Akomanga 1): 20% te iti iho o te mate kore-kawenga ki te whakataurite ki te SCB10.

 

SCBH19 (Koranu kore-āhua): 15% te iti iho o te ngaronga kawenga, he mea tino pai mō ngā pokapū raraunga.

 

 

Ngā tono:Ngā hōhipera, ngā ara raro whenua, ngā whare arumoni (IP54+).

 

2.Whakawhiti Hinu-Rukuhiangā

 

Ngā Tauira Tino Pai:

 

SH25 (Koranu kore-āhua): 70% te iti iho o te ngaronga kore-kawenga ki tā te S13, 40 tau te roa o te oranga.

 

S22 (maitai CRGO): He utu whai hua mō ngā papa ahumahi.

 

Auahatanga:Ko te hinu-β (pūwāhi ahi 300°C) hei whakakapi i te hinu kohuke, kua whakamanahia mō te -40°C.

 

 

 

 

III. Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau me te Tiwhikete

1. Ngā Whakamātautau Matua

 

Ngaronga Kore-kawenga:Kaiwhakamātautau ZSTE-9500 (±0.2% te tika, kua whakatikatikaina te pāmahana/āhua ngaru).

 

Ngaronga Utaina:I inehia i raro i te ≤5% THD, i whakapūmautia ki te 75°C.

 

Āraitanga:≥6% mō ngā whakawhiti hiko ka taea te whakahou (pūmautanga whatunga).

 

2. Tukanga Whakamana

 

Whakamātautau a te hunga tuatoru (hei tauira, CTI/STL).

 

Te rēhitatanga o te tapanga pūngao (Te Tomokanga Tapanga Pūngao o Haina).

 

Ngā arotake ā-tau (ka puta te whakakorenga i te reiti rahunga >5%).

 

 

IV. Ngā Rautaki Kōwhiri me te Tātari Utu-Painga

1. Kōwhiringa e hangai ana ki te horopaki

2. Te Utu Katoa o te Mana Whakahaere (TCO)

 

Tātai:TCO = Utu Hoko + Utu Pūngao 20-Tau + Tiaki.

 

Akomanga 1:25-30% te iti iho o te TCO ki te Akomanga 3.

 

Ngā āwhina:Tae atu ki te 10% ngā whakahokinga utu mō te Akomanga 1 i ētahi porowini.

 

 

V. Ngā Auahatanga Ahumahi me ngā Aronga Kaupapahere

1. Ngā Mana Whakahaere

 

2025: Me tutuki i ngā whakawhiti hiko hou te ≥Akomanga 2.

 

Whāinga 2027: ≥80% te whakamahinga o te kaha-teitei (Mahere Whaihua o te Whakawhitiwhiti a MIIT).

 

2. Ngā Auahatanga

 

Ngā Rauemi:Ngā matua kore-āhua/nanocrystalline (30% te iti iho o te ngaronga kore-kawenga).

 

Ngā Āhuatanga Atamai:Te aroturukitanga DGA (≥95% te tika o te matapae hapa).

 

Te Oranga Tonu:Hinu whakamarumaru pirau-koiora (50% te iti iho o te tapuwae waro).

 

 

 

Whakamutunga
Ko te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā whakawhiti hiko he paearu hangarau, ā, he pou hoki mō te pumau o te kamupene. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā momo tino pai ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu huringa ora mā te 15-40%. Mā ngā kaupapa here me te auahatanga e ārahi, ka noho ko ngā whakawhiti hiko tino whai hua te rangatira o te mākete.