Taputapu Whakawhiti

He aha te taputapu whakawhiti?

Ka taea e ngā ara iahiko hiko te whakahaere i tētahi kaha kawenga kua whakaritea i mua i te hoahoa. Me whakahaere kia kore ai e wera rawa te waea me te taumaha rawa o te pūnaha i te nui o te iahiko. He tūponotanga haumaru te pūnaha taumaha rawa ka kino pea ngā wāhanga nui, ka puta hoki he ahi hiko. Kei te wātea te taputapu whakawhiti hei whakahaere i ngā rawa hiko me te whakarite kia haumaru, kia whai hua hoki te mahi.

Ko ngā wāhanga o te taputapu whakawhiti ko ngā pana momotu hiko, ngā whati hiko, ngā fiusi, me ngā ārai uira e whakahaere ana, e whakakore ana rānei i ngā iahiko hiko e rere ana. Ina puta he ngaru hiko, ka whakakorea e te taputapu whakawhiti te rere o te hiko, ā, ka tiakina ngā pūnaha hiko mai i te kino o te taumaha rawa o te hiko.

He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te taputapu whakawhiti?

Kua hangaia ngā taputapu whakawhiti hei tiaki i ngā taputapu e hono ana ki te pūtake hiko mai i te riri o te taumaha rawa o te hiko. Ka tiakina e ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngā mīhini, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā motuka, me ētahi atu pūnaha kei roto ngā ara iahiko hiko mā te whakahaere me te whakarite i te rere o te iahiko hiko.

Ka tiakina hoki e te Switchgear ngā tohunga tiaki me te whakatika mai i te kino mā te wehe i a rātou mai i ngā ara iahiko hiko. Ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaimahi hiko me ngā ratonga ki te switchgear hei whakakore i te hiko o ngā taputapu hei whakamātautau haumaru i ngā ara iahiko, hei mahi i ngā mahi tiaki, me te whakakore i ngā hapa o raro.

Me pēhea te mahi a te taputapu whakawhiti?

Mā te whakahaere i te rere o te hiko i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko, ka āraihia e ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngā kino me ngā aukati ratonga. Ka taea e ia te wehe i ngā ara iahiko e pāngia ana, me te tuku hiko mai i ngā pūtake maha ki tētahi kawenga i te wā kotahi. Ina puta he pakaru ara iahiko i roto i te huihuinga whakawhiti hiko nā te ngaru hiko, nā te hapa rānei, ka motuhia e ngā wāhanga tautoko, ka pau te iahiko i roto i te ara iahiko kua taumaha rawa, me te pupuri tonu i te ratonga ki ngā ara iahiko whakahaere.

Papa Whakawhiti vs. Taputapu Whakawhiti
He rerekē rawa ngā mahi a ngā papa whakawhiti hiko me ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko. He rerekē ngā wāhanga taputapu, te ngaohiko, ngā whakamahinga, me ngā paerewa haumaru o ēnei. He taputapu ngaohiko iti ngā papa whakawhiti hiko e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi arumoni me ngā wāhi ahumahi hei tuku, hei huri i te ara, hei tohatoha hoki i te hiko ki ngā whakawhiti hiko takitahi, ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere, ki ngā papa porowhita, me ngā kawenga. Ka whakahaere te taputapu whakawhiti hiko i te rere o te iahiko hiko hei ārai i ngā ngaru hiko morearea.

Ngā momo taputapu whakawhiti
I Amerika Te Raki, e toru ngā momo taputapu whakawhiti hiko kua whakarōpūtia e ai ki ngā paerewa ANSI/IEEE me NEC 2014 mō ngā pūnaha hiko e tuku ana i ngā iahiko tauutuutu.

1. Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngaohiko-iti mō ngā pūnaha e mahi ana i raro i te 1 kilovolt (kV).

2. Ka mahi ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngaohiko-waenga i ngā ngaohiko mai i te 1 kV ki te 75 kV

3. Ka mahi ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngaohiko-tiketike i ngā ngaohiko mai i te 75 kV ki te 230 kV pea.

Me pupuri ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko i roto i tētahi ārai NEMA e tika ana ina whakamahia ki waho hei tiaki i ngā mea mai i ngā pokanoa me ngā huarere.

● Taputapu whakawhiti ngaohiko iti
Kei roto i ngā taputapu whakawhiti ngaohiko-iti ngā pana, ngā whati ara iahiko ngaohiko-iti, ngā whati ara iahiko turuturu whenua, ngā whati ara iahiko iti (MCB), ngā whati ara iahiko take whakarewa (MCCB), ngā fiusi kaha-whakakorenga teitei (HRC), me ngā wehewehe hiko tango kawenga.

Ka taea te whirihora i tēnei taputapu mō te whakamahinga o roto, o waho rānei, ā, ka taea te whakatauranga mō te whakamahinga i te 208 volts, 240 volts, 480 volts, me te 600 volts tae atu ki te 1000 volts. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā whare ahumahi, ā-rohe, me ngā whare arumoni ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko iti hei whakahaere i te tuku hiko ki te HVAC, ki ngā rama, me ētahi atu pūnaha whare.

● Taputapu whakawhiti ngaohiko-waenga
Ka whakamahia e ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko waenga-ngaohiko ngā ārai hiko hinu, hau, korehau rānei me ngā whati hiko hei whakakore i te rere o te iahiko mēnā he ngaru hiko, he hapa pūnaha rānei. Ka tiakina, ka whakamataohia hoki e ngā ārai hiko ngā wāhanga o roto i ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko, ko te whati hiko ia ka hutia ngā hononga o te hiko hei whakaweto i te pewa.

Ko ngā pūnaha o roto, o waho hoki, e whakatauria ana i te 5 kV, 12 kV, 15 kV, me te 35 kV tae atu ki te 75 kV hei tohu i te ngaohiko mōrahi ka taea e rātou te whakamahi. E whakamahia whānuitia ana tēnei taputapu whakawhiti hiko i ngā teihana whakaputa hiko me ngā teihana tuku hiko. E whakamahia ana hoki hei whakahaere i ngā motuka, i ngā ara iahiko whāngai, me ngā whakaputa hiko i ngā whare ahumahi me ngā whare arumoni.

● Taputapu whakawhiti ngaohiko teitei
Ko te taputapu whakawhiti hiko-teitei te mea e whakahaere ana i ngā pūnaha hiko e mahi ana i te iti rawa o te 75 kV. Ka whakamahia e tēnei taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngā momotu hiko, ngā pana whenua, ngā tikanga whakawhiti hiko-teitei, ngā fiusi, me ngā whati ara iahiko hei whakahaere, hei whakahaere, hei whakakore, hei wehe, hei whakaputa hoki i te iahiko.

Nā te mea ka taea e tetahi hapa hiko te hanga i tētahi āwhata tino kaha, me mahi tonu, me te pono hoki ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ngaohiko teitei. He mea nui tēnei taputapu whakawhiti mō ngā mahi e pāngia ana e te maha o ngā hapa hiko, ā, me whakakore tonu i te hiko o ngā taputapu. He mea noa tēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku me te tohatoha hiko nui me ngā whare arumoni, ahumahi rānei.

Ngā Momo Whakamarumaru Taputapu Whakawhiti
Ahakoa ngā momo ngaohiko rerekē, ka taea hoki e te taputapu whakawhiti te whakamahi i ngā momo whakamarumaru rerekē hei tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko mai i ngā hapa hiko. Ka whakamahia e ngā pouaka taputapu whakawhiti ngā momo whakamarumaru e whai ake nei.

● Ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko kua whakamahanahia ki te hau
Ka whakamahia e te taputapu whakawhiti hau-whakamarumaru (GIS) ngā pūwā hiko e whakamahi ana i te hau whanariki hexafluoride pēhanga (SF6) hei ārai i ngā kaiārahi me ngā hoapā, hei tinei hoki i te iahiko pewa i hangaia e te hapa hiko. Ko te hauhā waro (CO2) he huarahi pai mō te āhuarangi hei whakakapi i te SF6. Mā te whakakapi i te SF6 ki te CO2 ka taea te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi mā te 10 tana i roto i te huringa ora o te taputapu.

● Ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko kua āraia e te hau
Ka whakamahia e te taputapu whakawhiti hau-mātao (AIS) ngā whati ara iahiko e whakamahi ana i te hau pēhia, i te kaha aukume rānei hei whakaroa i te pewa kia pau ai i a ia anō.

● Ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko kua whakamahanahia ki te hinu
Ka mimiti te hinu kohuke i te ara pewa e hangaia ana ina wehea ngā hononga kawe iahiko e te taputapu whakawhiti kua whakamahanahia ki te hinu, ā, ka karapotia e te mirumiru hau hauwai e whakakore ana i te iahiko, e ārai ana hoki i te pewa kei pā anō.

● Ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko kua whakamahanahia ki te korehau
Ka whakakorea e te taputapu whakawhiti kua whakamahanahia ki te korehau ngā ngota ka taea te whakakoi i te hiko. Ka totoro, ka pau hoki tetahi pewa ahakoa ka piki te ngaohiko.

Tāutanga Taputapu Whakawhiti
Me tāuta e ngā kaimahi whai raihana tika ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko katoa kia rite ki ngā ture haumaru e tika ana, ngā aratohu hanga, me ngā tohutohu a te kaihanga. Mā te tāutanga tika ka tino pono te mahi.