Te Tukunga Wāhanga i roto i ngā Whakawhitinga Hinu: Te Āhua me ngā Take Noa o te Nui Rawa o ngā Taumata PD

01 Whakataki

Te tukunga wāhanga (PD) i roto i te hinu kua rumakina ki te hinu Ngā Whakawhiti Mana he wero e mōhiotia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga whakawhiti hiko. He maha ngā kaihanga kua pāngia e ngā mate nui nā ngā pakaru e pā ana ki te PD.

Tērā pea ka nui haere ngā PD i te wā e whakamātautauhia ana e te wheketere, e tirotirohia ana e te hunga tuatoru, e ngā wāhi rānei o te kiritaki. He rite tonu te kimi i ngā pūtake PD ki te "kimi i te ngira i roto i te puranga tarutaru", ka roa pea te mahi anō mō ​​ngā rā, tae noa ki ngā marama, ka nui te ngaronga o te kounga mō ngā kaihanga, mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga rānei.

Nō reira, he mea tino nui te tātaritanga pūtaiao me te tautuhi wawe i ngā pūtake o te nui rawa o te PD.

02 Whakamāramatanga me te Taiao

Ahakoa kāore anō kia whakamāramahia he tikanga, ko te whakamāramatanga a te kaituhi mō te PD ko:
[Ka puta he tukunga hiko i ngā tūranga ā-rohe i roto i te whakawhiti hiko kāore anō kia puta he pakaru tere o te whakamarumaru, he mura rānei.]

He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te PD engari he rite tonu te kaupapa:
[Nā ngā hapa hanganga, rauemi, hanga rānei i roto i te pūnaha whakamarumaru ka nui ake te hē o te mara hiko ā-rohe i te kaha o te dielectric i taua wāhi, ka hua ake he pakaru auau, he iti-tauine, he kore-whakauru.]

I te poto, ko te āhua o te PD kei roto i te kukū o te mara hiko ā-rohe e nui ake ana i te kaha o te mara tīmatanga PD.

03 Ngā Take Matua

I runga i ngā tikanga PD, ko tētahi āhuatanga e hua ake ai ngā mara hiko ā-rohe nui rawa atu ka taea te whakanui ake i te PD.

3.1 Ngā Wāhi PD
Tērā pea ka puta te PD i:

Ngā pūahi

 

Ngā kaiwhakakapi tap OLTC/DETC

 

Ngā Arataki

 

Ngā takai

 

Ngā wāhanga whenua

 

Ngā mata whakamarumaru/ngā hapa o roto

 

Hinu whakawhiti

Ngā pae tino whakaraerae:Ngā āputa hau i roto i te ārai totoka, ngā mirumiru hau rānei i roto i te hinu.
Take:I raro i te ahotea ngaohiko, he rite whakamuri te kaha o te papa hiko ki te pūmau dielectric (ε).

Te whakamarumaru pepa ε ≈ 4.4

 

Ngā āputa hau ε ≈ 2.0
→ Ka nui ake te kaha o te āpure i te ≈2.2× o ngā āputa hau.
He iti te kaha pakaru (AC ≈2kV/mm), ka noho ngā āputa/mirumiru hei wāhi ngoikore mō te tīmatanga o te PD.

3.2 Ngā Momo PD
Ngā momo PD noa i roto i Whakawhiti Hinu-Rukuhiangā:

Te tukunga mirumiru hau

 

Te rerenga i puta mai i te makuku(whakamātao haukū)

 

Te tukunga hiko koi(ngā pito hiko hiko-teitei/whenua)

 

Te tukunga pūmanawa mānu

 

Te tukunga āputa hinu āhua porowhita

 

Te tukunga mai i ngā matūriki whakarewa/parahanga

 

Ngā hapa piri(he nui rawa/kore kounga o te kāpia i roto i ngā pereti whakapūmau/ngā mowhiti pito)

Ngā Tirohanga Matua:

Kāore i te maha ngā pānga o ngā tāpaetanga PD ki te hoahoa (≈0.5% te tūponotanga).
Ko te 95%+ i ahu mai i ngā hapa o te rauemi, o te tukanga, o te hanga rānei.

Pūtake:Ina hurihia ngā ngaohiko nui rawa (LI, LIC, SI, LTAC) ki te ngaohiko ātete auau-mana 1-meneti ōrite (Tahuritanga DIL), katoa e hipa ana i te ngaohiko whakamātautau PD (IVPD). Kua hangaia te whakamarumaru matua/whakaroa mō te horopaki ngaohiko teitei rawa atu.

Kāore.	Momo PD	Tauwāhi	Tikanga	Ngā Take Noa
1	Tukunga Hiko Koi	Ngā wāhanga here, te tāke, te pū whakarunga, ngā pito here mata	He iti te pūtoro piko → he nui te kiato utu → he nui te kukū o te mara	Ngā pūtu kore ārai e tata ana ki ngā irahiko HV; he koi ngā taha o te ārai aukume
2	Pupuhi Hau/Tukunga Kore	Ngā mirumiru i roto i te hinu / ngā āputa i roto i te whakamarumaru totoka	Pūmau iti o te hiko (ε≈1) → ahotea mara teitei + kaha pakaru iti (2kV/mm)	Kāore i oti te horoi; he tere te whakakī hinu; he nui rawa/he ngoikore te piri i ngā mowhiti pito/he porowhita taurite
3	Tukunga i puta mai i te makuku	Ngā takai, te whakamahana matua, ngā taura	Ka whakaitihia e te makuku te kaha o te dielectric mā te 60-70%	Te maroke rawa o te matua; te nui rawa o te pānga ki te hau i te wā e huihui ana
4	Tukunga Pūmanawa Mānu	Papa pēhi, tautoko arai, hūneti aukume	Te kohikohinga utu → te pāteretanga tukunga ohorere	Parenga aukume kāore i te whenua; mowhiti hikohiko korekore e hono ana
5	Tukunga Parahanga	Wai/muka/matūriki whakarewa i roto i te hinu	Ka whakanuia e te hē o te mara + te ahotea o te mara 2.9×	Te tātari hinu koretake; te pūtake poke; te urunga mai o te makuku

04 Tirohanga

He mea nui te mārama ki ngā momo PD noa, ngā tikanga, ngā wāhi, me ngā rangahau take mō te whakatau raruraru kua āta whakaritea.

I te whakakotahitanga o ngā mātāpono hononga whakawhiti hiko, te hoahoa hanganga, ngā āhuatanga o te ngaru PD, te kimi i te polarity, me ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga, ka taea e tēnei mōhiotanga te tautuhi tere i te pūtake me te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga kounga.