Te Mana Pūngao Rā Kukū (CSP): He Hangarau Pūngao Rā Rerekē Atu i te Photovoltaics

1. He Kupu Whakataki ki te CSP: He Huringa Tauira i roto i te Pūngao o te Rā​

 

Ko te Mana Pūngao Rā Kukū (CSP) he huarahi whakarerekētanga ki te whakamahi i te pūngao rā, he rerekē ki ngā pūnaha photovoltaic (PV) tuku iho. Kāore i rite ki te PV, e huri tika ana i te rā ki te hiko mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi semiconductor, ka whakamahia e te CSP ngā whakaata, ngā karāhe rānei hei arotahi i te rā ki te kaiwhiwhi, ka whakaputa i te wera e akiaki ana i te huringa thermodynamic hei whakaputa hiko. Mā tēnei āheinga rokiroki pūngao wera (TES) ka taea e ngā tipu CSP te whakaputa hiko ka taea te tuku ahakoa i te pō, i ngā āhuatanga kapua rānei, e aro ana ki tētahi herenga nui o ngā pūnaha PV.

 

I JZP Energy Innovations, e mōhio ana mātou ko te CSP te tūāpapa o te ranunga pūngao ā muri ake nei, inā koa i ngā rohe he nui te hihi o te rā. Ko ā mātou mahi R&D e arotahi ana ki te whakatairanga i ngā hangarau CSP hei whakarei ake i te whai huatanga, hei whakaiti i ngā utu, me te whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha pūngao ranu.

 

2. Ngā Hangarau Matua i roto i te CSP: Mai i ngā Pūnaha Raina ki ngā Pūnaha Pourewa​

 

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā pūnaha CSP e ai ki ā rātou tikanga kukū whatu me ngā hoahoa kaiwhiwhi:

 

1. a) Ngā Kaikohi Waka Parabolic (PTC)​

 

Ko te hangarau CSP tino pakari, ka whakamahia e te PTC ngā whakaata parabolic raina hei arotahi i te hihi o te rā ki runga i tētahi ngongo kaiwhiwhi kei roto he wai whakawhiti wera (HTF), pērā i te tote rewa. E mahi ana i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 400°C, he pai ngā pūnaha PTC mō ngā whirihoranga ranu me ngā tipu hau māori, e āhei ai te whakaputa hiko kawenga-turanga.

 

1. b) Ngā Pourewa Hiko o te Rā (SPT)​

 

Ka whakamahia e SPT he huinga o ngā heliostat (whakaata aroturuki) hei whakawhāiti i te hihi o te rā ki runga i te kaiwhiwhi matua i runga i te pourewa. Mā te neke atu i te 1,000× ngā ōwehenga kukū, ka eke te SPT ki te pāmahana o te kaiwhiwhi o te 500–1,000°C, ka taea ai te whakanui ake i te pai o te thermodynamic me te hototahi ki ngā huringa mana matatau pērā i ngā tāpine CO₂ tino whakahāngai.

 

1. c) Ngā Whakaata Fresnel Raina (LFR)​

 

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha LFR ngā whakaata papatahi kua whakaritea ki ngā wāhanga rārangi hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakapaipai me te pupuri tonu i te whai huatanga. He pai te hoahoa modular mō ngā tono whakahaere-kore, pērā i te wera tukanga ahumahi, te tango tote rānei.

 

1. d) Ngā Pūnaha Whakakorikori Rīhi

 

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha rihi ngā rihi parabolic hei arotahi i te hihi o te rā ki runga i tētahi kaiwhiwhi e hono ana ki tētahi miihini Stirling, ā, ka eke ki te 31–32% te pai o te whakaputa hiko tohatoha, inā koa i ngā wāhi tūmatanui.

 

3. Ngā Painga Whakataetae o te CSP ki ngā Pūnaha Whakaahua-Voltaic​

 

Ahakoa te kaha o te PV ki ngā mākete noho me ngā mākete arumoni, he maha ngā painga motuhake kei a CSP:

 

1. a) Te Whakaurunga Rokiroki Pūngao

 

Mā ngā pūnaha TES a CSP, e whakamahi ana i ngā tote rewa, ka taea te tuku hiko mō ngā haora 6–12. Hei tauira, mā ngā kaupapa CSP-PV ranu a JZP i te Middle East ka whakamahia te rokiroki tote rewa mō ngā haora 8 hei whakau i te tuku hiko i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana.

 

1. b) Ngā Whakamahinga Pāmahana-Teitei​

 

Nā te kaha o CSP ki te whakaputa wera i runga ake i te 500°C, he pai mō te tango waro i ngā ahumahi. Kei te whakamātautau a JZP i te whakahounga mamaoa e whakahaerehia ana e te CSP mō te hanga hauwai, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua.

 

1. c) Te Pūmanawa Whakaranu

 

Ka taea e ngā tipu CSP te tahu tahi me te hau māori, te koiora rānei, hei whakarei ake i te ngāwari. I Morocco, ka whakauruhia e te whare CSP a JZP te koiora hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi 24/7, hei whakaiti i te whakaiti.

 

4. Ngā Wero me ngā Auahatanga i JZP​
5. a) Te Whakaiti Utu

 

Kua heke te utu hiko taurite (LCOE) a CSP mai i te $0.36/kWh i te tau 2010 ki te $0.11/kWh i te tau 2023, nā te whanaketanga o te tika o te whakaata me te pakari o te kaiwhiwhi. Ka whakaitihia e te hangarau paninga whakaata patent a JZP ngā ngaronga whakaata mā te 15%, ka whakaitihia anō ngā utu.

 

1. b) Te Āhuatanga Tauine i ngā Rohe Maroke​

 

Ka tupu pai te CSP i ngā taiao koraha, engari kei te mau tonu ngā wero pēnei i te mimiti o te onepu. Ka arohia ēnei take e ngā paninga kaiwhiwhi ārai-waikura a JZP me ngā pūnaha horoi whakaata aunoa, kia 95% te wā mahi i ngā āhuarangi kino.

 

1. c) Whakaurunga Whatunga

 

E hangai ana te kaha o te CSP ki ngā ture mō te pūngao hou. Mā te tauira "CSP-hei-Ratonga" a JZP ka taea te whakarite i ngā otinga rokiroki ka taea te whakanui, me te whakataurite i ngā pūngao hou ka taea te whakahou i ngā wā poto pēnei i te hau me te PV.

 

5. Te Tirohanga ā-Mārama: CSP i roto i te Ao Kore-Kupenga​

 

Hei te tau 2050, ka taea e CSP te whakarato i te 25% o te hiko o te ao, me ngā kaupapa i Āwherika ki te Raki me te Tonga-mā-uru o Amerika e ārahi ana i te whakamahinga. Kei te arahi a JZP i ngā putanga hou hei whakaū i te tūranga o CSP:

 

Ngā Kaiwhiwhi Matūriki: Mā te whakakapi i ngā tote rewa ki ngā matūriki uku ka taea te mahi i te 1,000°C, ka whakanui ake i te pai o te huringa ki te 50%.

 

Ngā Wahie Pūngao Rānu: Kei te whakamahia te wera e whakaputaina ana e te CSP hei whakaputa hauwai matomato me ngā wahie hangai, e tuku ana i ngā otinga rokiroki pūngao ā-wā.

 

Ngā Mahi Arotau-AI: Ka arotauhia e ngā rauropi ako mīhini te aroturuki heliostat me te rokiroki wera, ka whakanui ake i te putanga me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai.

 

6. Whakamutunga

 

Ka hipa atu te Mana Pūngao Rā Kukū i ngā herenga o ngā photovoltaics mā te whakakotahi i te tauine, te rokiroki, me te whakamahinga ahumahi. I JZP Energy Innovations, e whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakatairanga i te CSP mā te R&D hou, kia mau ai tōna tūranga matua i roto i te whakawhiti ā-ao ki te pūngao pumau.

 

Hono mai ki a mātou ki te hanga i tētahi heke mai mārama ake, pakari ake hoki mō te pūngao.