Te Tātari Hapa me ngā Tikanga Whakatau Rapanga mō te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero

 

Ngā Whakawhiti, hei taputapu matua i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko, e mahi ana i ngā mahi nui tae atu ki te whakawhiti ngaohiko, te whakahaere iahiko, me te wehewehe hiko. He mea nui te pumau o tā rātou mahi hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā whatunga hiko. Kei roto i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei he tātaritanga taipitopito mō te whakahaere mahi whakawhiti hiko, ngā tikanga kimi hapa noa, me ngā tukanga rapurongoā.

 

 

Ngā Tukanga Whakarite me te Tirotiro i te Whakatūnga o te Whakawhitiwhiti

 

I mua i te tīmatanga o te whakaurunga o tētahi whakawhiti hiko, me tirotirohia whānuitia kia mōhio ai kei te rite ia mō te mahi tino pai:

 

Tirotiro i te Maukati me te Hononga: Whakahaerehia he tirotiro hōhonu o ngā maukati katoa i roto, i waho hoki o te whakawhiti hiko, inā koa i ngā wāhi hononga nui pēnei i ngā pito waea me ngā pae pahi. Me whakarite kia tika te tono taipana i te wā e whakakī ana hei ārai i te pakaru o ngā miro, me te karo hoki i te hopu i puta mai i te kore hototahi o ngā rauemi i waenga i ngā pūtu me ngā nati.

 

Manatoko Tāutanga Wāhanga: Manatokohia te tāutanga tika o ngā wāhanga katoa i wetewetehia i te wā e kawe ana, e tāuta ana rānei, tirohia ngā paipa whakamatao o roto mō ngā āhuatanga kore paru, me te whakaū i te ngaro o ngā taputapu toenga i roto i te whare whakawhiti hiko.

 

Tirotiro i te Pūrere Whakahaere Pāmahana: Manatokohia kua nekehia ngā taura whakahaere mō ngā kaiwhakahaere pāmahana me ngā tohu kia matara atu i ngā mata koiri me ngā wāhanga ora. Whakauhia anō mēnā e tika ana kia kore ai e pokanoa.

 

Pūnaha Whakamataome te Tirotiro Taputapu Āwhina: Manatokohia te mahi tika o ngā pā hau whakamatao, ngā taputapu whakahaere pāmahana, me ngā pūnaha āwhina. Whakaūtia te ahunga hurihuri o te pā hau kia tika ai te rere o te hau mai i te turanga o ngā takai whakawhiti hiko ki runga.

 

Ngā Whakamātautau i mua i te Whakatūnga o te Whakawhitiwhiti

 

Hei whakamana i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa, me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau whakahau e whai ake nei i mua i te whakatūnga o te whakawhiti hiko:

 

Ine Ātete DC: Whakahaerehia ngā ine ātete takai puta noa i ngā tūranga katoa o te taputapu hei manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa.

 

Te Ine i te Tauwehenga Ngaohiko: Manatokohia te tika ote whakawhiti ngaohikongā ōwehenga me te whakaū i te tika o te tohu rōpū whārite mā te tirotiro i te polarity me te raupapatanga ā-wāhanga.

 

Whakamātautau Ātete Ārai: Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau hiko-kore i waenga i te matua me ngā hanganga whakapiri hei manatoko i te pono o te ārai.

 

Whakamātautau Ātete Āraitanga o ngā Awhiowhio: Inehia te ātete ātete o ngā awhiowhio hei manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumaru hiko.

 

Whakamātautau Ātete Auau Mana: Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko kua whakatikatikaina i te mara e hoki ana ki te mahi, me whakahaere te whakamātautau ngaohiko ātete dielectric i te 80% o te taumata ngaohiko whakamātautau wheketere taketake, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga IEC 60076-3 Wāhanga 10.

 

Ngā whakatūpato mō te whakahaere haumaru o ngā whakawhiti hiko

 

Tirotiro i te Pūnaha Whenua: Whakahaerehia he tirotiro pakari o te pūnaha whenua i muri i te tāutanga hei manatoko i tōna haumaru me tōna pono o te mahi.

 

Ngā Ārai Haumaru: Me whai ārai wehe ngā whakawhiti hiko kāore e tiakina ana e te whare hei ārai i te pa atu ki ngā wāhanga ora, me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea hiko.

 

Te Whakahaere e ngā Kaimahi Tohunga: Ko te tāutanga, te whakatinanatanga, me te tiaki i ngā whakawhiti hiko me whakahaere motuhake e ngā tohunga whaimana kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa whakahaere me ngā tikanga haumaru.

 

Ngā Whakatūpato mō te Whakamahi i tētahi Whakawhitiwhiti

 

Whakahohenga Pūnaha Whakahaere Pāmahana: I mua i te whakakaha, whakatikatikahia, whakamātauria hoki te kaiwhakahaere pāmahana, te wae whakaatu pāmahana rānei hei manatoko i te mahi tika.

 

Te Tukanga Whakakaha Hiko: Katia ngā whati hiko me te kore kawenga o te whakawhiti hiko. Whakahohehia te tānga tiaki iahiko nui inamata i te wā e whakakahangia ana hei whakaiti i ngā pānga o te iahiko tomo.

 

Te pikinga āta haere o te kawenga: I muri i te whakamahinga, me piki haere āta haere te kawenga, me te aroturuki mō ngā oro rerekē, ngā wiri rānei, kia kore ai e piki ohorere te kawenga.

 

Tikanga Whakaiti Makuku: Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko whakakore-hiko e pāngia ana e te makuku taiao >80% RH.

 

Ngā Hapa Noa o te Whakawhiti me ngā Mahi Whakatikatika

 

Hapa wera rawa: Kei roto i tēnei ko te wera rawa ā-rohe me te pikinga nui o te pāmahana whānui. Tirohia te kawenga, te iahiko, me ngā āhuatanga o te mararatanga wera.

 

Ngā hapa tukunga: Tērā pea ka puta he tukunga hapa, he tukunga pewa, he tukunga mura rānei; e pā ana ki ngā take whakamahana.

 

Hapa ārai: Pēnei i te pakaru o te ārai, te hekenga rānei o te mahi ārai; me tirotiro tonu ngā rauemi ārai kua pakaru, ā, me whakakapi.

 

Ētahi atu hapa: Tae atu ki te haruru rerekē, te hapa tiaki, te turuturu hinu, me ētahi atu.

 

Ngā Tikanga Kimi Hapa:

 

Tirotiro ā-kanohi: Tirohia te ia o te kawenga, ngā huringa tae o te hinu, me te āhua o waho mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē (hei tauira, te turuturu hinu, te rerekētanga o te tae).

 

Aroturukitanga oro: Whakarongo ki ngā haruru rerekē i te wā e whakamahia ana (hei tauira, te haruru koretake, te pakū, te whiowhio rānei).

 

Ine hiko: Ine i te ātete DC toru-wāhanga me te ātete whakamarumaru hei aromatawai mēnā kei roto ngā uara i te awhe noa.

 

 

Te Whakatikatika i te Hapa Mahi Whakamaroke

 

Ko te hekenga o te mahi whakamarumaru he hapa noa o ngā whakawhiti hiko, inā koa i ngā taiao makuku. Me whakahaere te whakamātautau ātete whakamarumaru i raro i ngā āhuatanga e tika ana, me ngā uara paerewa e whai ake nei:

 

HV ki te LV me te whenua: ≥ 300 M Ω (10kV), ≥ 1000 M Ω (35kV).

HV ki te whenua: ≥100 MΩ.

Mō ngā ‌matua/taputapu ki te whenua‌, tirohia ngā tuhinga a te kaihanga.

 

Mena ka kitea he makuku e tomo mai ana, he waimeha rānei i roto i te whakawhiti hiko (hei tauira, he pata e kitea ana i runga i ngā mata o te kapia epoxy, i ngā wāhanga matua rānei), me whakamaroke tonu kia whakahokia mai ai te pakari o te whakamarumaru, ahakoa tōna ātete whakamarumaru o nāianei.

 

 

Kawa Whakaiti Haruru Tauhou a te Whakawhitiwhiti

 

Ka puta he tangi haruru i te mahi noa o te whakawhiti hiko, ka rerekē i runga i te kawenga. Mena he tangi rerekē, me tātari anō:

 

Te wetewete o te matua: Ka puta he haruru e tangi ana, e wiri ana rānei nā te korenga o ngā whakapiringa e mau tonu ana, nā te korenga rānei o te taipana pūtu.

 

Matua kore whenua: Ka whakaputa i ngā oro pakaru mai i te kohikohinga hiko i waenga i te matua me te tāke.

 

Ngā hapa o te whakapā o te pana: Ka puta te haruru, te pakū rānei i te kōpiko o ngā whakawhiti tap, ngā hononga pahi rānei.

 

Tukunga mata/āwhiowhio: Ka tukuna ngā pewa pakū mai i te pakaru o te whakamarumaru hiko i ngā rohe ngaohiko teitei.

 

Ngā pūwero poke: Ka puta te rerenga korona whiowhio nā te kohi hinu/matūriki o te mata.

 

Te Whakatau i ngā Raru o te Whakahaere Pāmahana

 

Ki te kore e taea te whakakā: Tirohia te pūtake hiko, ngā fiusi, ngā hononga pūrua, me te tūnga o te pana.

 

Kāore he Whakaaturanga Mahana: Tirohia te hononga me te ātete o te pūoko.

 

Te Rerekētanga o te Pāmahana: Tirohia te tāutanga o ngā pūoko me ngā pūtake pokanoa.

 

Te Rahunga o te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Tirohia te raina whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka whakapā atu ki te tautoko hangarau a te kaiwhakarato.

 

Ngā Otinga Whakaiti i te Taurite o te Ngaohiko Wāhanga-Toru

 

Ko te kore taurite o te ngaohiko toru-wāhanga he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i ngā hapa whenua, i te kore taurite rānei o te kawenga. Ko ngā otinga ko:

 

Te Whakatakotoranga Maha-Ira mō te Whakaiti i te Ngaronga Raina Kūpapa‌：Whakatinanahia te whakatakoto whenua maha-ira i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha ngaohiko-iti hei whakaiti i ngā ngaronga hiko raina kūpapa mā te arotau i ngā ara whakahokinga o ia au me te whakaiti i te aukati.

 

Whakawhitiwhiti Wāhanga-Kotahi Te Whakatakotoranga: Whakamahia ngā whakawhiti hiko kotahi-wāhanga mō ngā wāhi he nui ngā kawenga kotahi-wāhanga (hei tauira, ngā rohe noho) hei wehe i ngā iahiko kore taurite me te ārai i te pokanoa o te haurore.

 

Te Aroturuki me te Taurite i te Utaina: Whakahaerehia ngā inenga kawenga ā-wā mā te whakamahi i ngā mita rawhi hei ine i ngā rerekētanga o te iahiko i waenga i ngā āhuahanga.

 

Te Maimoatanga mō te Rerekētanga Tae Hinu me te Whakahaere i te turuturu

 

Te Pōuriuri o te Hinu: Ko te pōuriuri o te hinu (hei tauira, te hurihanga o te amipere ki te parauri/pango) e tohu ana i te mimiti o te makuku me te pirau o te waikura, ka heke te kaha o te hiko me te pikinga o te waikawa. Whakakapia wawetia te hinu kua pakaru hei ārai i te tere o te koroheketanga o te whakamarumaru me te pakaru pea o ngā taputapu.

 

Te turuturu hinu: Whakatauhia mēnā ka haere tonu te mahi me te whakarite i ngā mahi tiaki i runga i te āhuatanga turuturu hinu, me kati tonu rānei ka whakakī anō i te hinu

 

Hei whakamutunga, ko te pumau o te mahi a ngā whakawhiti hiko te tūāpapa o te pono o te pūnaha hiko. Mā te tirotiro tupato, te tautuhi/whakatau tere i ngā hapa, me te tiaki matatau, ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā whakawhiti hiko, te whakaiti i ngā reiti rahunga, me te whakarite i te haumaru/whai hua o ngā pūnaha hiko.