Te Āputa Whakamarumaru Matua i waenga i ngā Koiri Whakawhiti 220kV: Te Tātari me ngā Rautaki Whakapai Ake i te Marae Hiko

Kupu Whakataki

I roto i te ao o te tuku hiko ngaohiko teitei, he mea nui te mahi a ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV ki te whakarite i te tohatoha hiko whai hua. āputa whakamahana matuaKo te hononga i waenganui i ngā takai o te whakawhiti hiko tētahi o ngā wāhanga hoahoa tino nui, e pā tika ana ki te pono o te whakawhiti hiko, te roa o te ora, me te mahi. Hei kaiārahi mākete i roto i te hangarau whakawhiti hiko, e mōhio ana mātou he mea nui te hoahoa whakamarumaru pai hei tū atu ki ngā taumahatanga hiko tino nui, tae atu ki ngā ngaohiko mahi tonu, ngā akiaki uira, me ngā ngaru whakawhiti.

Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga tātari mara hiko matatau me ngā rautaki whakapai ake mahi mō ngā āputa whakamahana matua i waenga i ngā koiri o te whakawhiti hiko 220kV. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau whakatauira matatau me ngā mātāpono hoahoa auaha, ka taea e tātou te whakapai ake i te mahi whakamahana o te whakawhiti hiko, me te whakarite i te hiranga o te mahi i roto i ngā taiao tino uaua.

Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Āraitanga Matua i roto i ngā Whakawhiti 220kV

Ko te āputa matua i waenga i ngā takai i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV te ārai matua mō te hiko, e ārai ana i te pakaru hiko i waenga i ngā koiri hiko-tiketike me ngā koiri hiko-iti. Me tu atu tēnei pūnaha hiko-iti i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere paerewa anake, tae atu ki ngā momo āhuatanga rerekē. ngā āhuatanga o te ngaohiko nuie puta ana i te wā o ngā raruraru whatunga.

I roto i ngā tono 220kV, ko te āputa whakamarumaru he tikanga e whakamahia ana pūnaha ārai mahahe mea hanga mai i ngā rango papa pēhi, i ngā takai rānei e wehewehe ana i te āputa kia maha ngā awa hinu iti ake. Ka tino whakarei ake tēnei huarahi i te ngaohiko tīmatanga tukunga wāhanga(PDIV) ā, ka ārai i te hanganga o ngā piriti poke kawe hiko i waenga i ngā takai. Ko te hoahoa taketake e whai ana i te mātāpono "ngongo pepa angiangi, āputa hinu iti", ko te matotoru o ngā papa pēhi ārai he 2mm te nuinga, ā, ko ngā āputa hinu i waenga i ngā ārai kei waenga i te 6-10mm.

Kāore te tohatoha o te mara hiko i roto i ēnei āputa i te ōrite, me te ngā kukū ahoteae puta ana i ngā taha takai, i ngā piko o te ara iahiko, me ngā atanga whakamarumaru. Ki te kore e tika te arotau i te hoahoa, ka taea e ēnei wāhi ahotea nui te tīmata i ngā mahi tukunga wāhanga, ka arahi ki te hekenga haere o te whakamarumaru me te pakaru pea.

Ngā Tikanga Tātari Papa Hiko

Whakatauira Tikanga Huānga Mutunga Kore (FEM)

Ko te hoahoa whakamahana hou e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki tātaritanga huānga mutunga kore(FEA) mō te mahere papa hiko tika. Mā te wehewehe i te āhua o te whakamarumaru ki ngā mano o ngā huānga motuhake, ka taea e te FEM te tatau tohatoha pūmanawame kaha o te marame te tino tika. Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV, e toru ngā rohe matua o tēnei tātaritanga e aro ana ki tēnei: ​​te whakamahana pito o runga, te wāhanga waenga i waenganui i ngā takai, me te whakamarumaru o te pito o raro.

E whakaatu ana ā mātou whakatauira ko te kaha o te mara hiko teitei rawa i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV ka puta i te nuinga o te wā ngā kokonga o roto o te matao ngā takai hiko-tiketike, inā koa tata ki ngā wāhanga pito raina. I roto i ngā whakamātautau hiko uira (1050kV mō ngā pūnaha 220kV), ka taea e ēnei wāhi te wheako i ngā kaha o te mara e neke atu ana i te 8-9kV/mm, e tata ana ki ngā rohe pakaru o ngā rauemi whakamahana.

Te Tāutu i ngā Rohe Taumahatanga Tino Nui

Mā te tātari whānui i te mara hiko, kua tautuhia e mātou ētahi rohe ahotea nui e hiahia ana kia aro nui ki ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV:

• Ngā rohe taha takaiKo ngā kokonga koi i ngā pito takai ka nui te kukū o te mara, e hiahiatia ana he tikanga whakatauranga motuhake.
• Te atanga i waenga i te whakamarumaru totoka me te whakamarumaru waiNā ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te papa pēhi me te hinu ka nui ake te kaha o te mara i ō rāua atanga.
• Ngā wāhi putanga aratakiKo ngā pūwāhi whakawhiti e puta atu ai ngā taura hiko-tiketike i ngā takai he tino uaua ngā tohatoha mara e hiahia ana kia tātarihia ngā taha-toru.

Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV, ko te kaha o te mara hiko mōrahi ka puta i ngā kōpae tuatahi e tata ana ki te pito raina me ngā pūwāhi hononga i waenga i ngā kōpae honohono me ngā kōpae noa i ngā wā e pāngia ana e te nekehanga hiko. Me whakapai ake ngā mahi whakamarumaru i ēnei wāhi hei ārai i te pakaru wawe.

Ngā Rautaki Whakapai ake mō ngā Āputa Matua o te Āraitanga

Arotau Āhuahanga

Te hanga irahikoe tohu ana i tētahi o ngā rautaki tino whai hua mō te whakapai ake i te tohatoha o te mara. Mā te whakakapi i ngā kokonga koi ki ngā kōtaha pikome te whakatinanatanga ngā irahiko toroidal, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i te kaha o te mara mōrahi tae atu ki te 30-40%. Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV, kei roto i tēnei:

• Ngā mowhiti pito pumau(SER) i ngā pito takai hei waihanga i ngā pikinga pūmanawa maeneene ake.
• Ngā mowhiti kokime ngā kōtaha e tata ana ki ngā rārangi pūmau, e tino whakaiti ana i ngā ahotea pāwhati i ngā mata o te papa pēhi.
• Ngā koeko ahoteai ngā atanga matua hei whakahaere i te rerekētanga o te mara me te whakaiti i ngā kukū.

He mea tino nui te arotau i te pūtoro o te piko – mā te whakanui ake i te pūtoro kokonga o ngā ara iahiko me ngā mowhiti pūmau ka tino whakaiti i te kaha o te mara (kaha o te mara ∝ 1/pūtoro).

Ngā Rauemi Ārai Matatau

He mea nui te whiriwhiri rauemi hei whakapai ake i te mahi whakamahana. Ka whakamahia e ā mātou whakawhiti hiko 220kV:

• Papa pēhi kiato-teiteime te pumau āhuahanga kua pai ake me te kaha dielectric teitei ake.
• Ngā pepa whakapai ake i te werae tuku ana i te manawanui wera pai rawa atu, e pupuri ana i ngā āhuatanga hiko kore i ngā pāmahana teitei.
• Ngā rauemi whakarei ake i te nanocompositeko ngā matūriki nano (SiO₂, Al₂O₃) i tāpirihia ki te epoxy, ki te hinu rānei, ka whakapai ake i te kaha dielectric mā te 20-30% me te whakarei ake i te kawe wera.

Mā ēnei rauemi matatau ka taea te hanga hoahoa whakamarumaru kiato ake, me te pupuri tonu, me te whakapai ake rānei i ngā tawhā pono. Hei tauira, mā te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha whakamarumaru nanocomposite ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te oranga whakamarumaru mā te 20-30% ki te whakaritea ki ngā rauemi tuku iho.

Whirihoranga Pūnaha Whakamarumaru

Mā te whakapai ake i te whakaritenga ā-tinana o ngā wāhanga whakamahana ka hua ake he whakapainga nui:

• Ngā pūnaha whakamahana kua whakarōpūtiate wāhi e rerekē ai te matotoru o te whakamarumaru i runga i te tohatoha ngaohiko i te taha o te takai.
• Te arotautanga o te whakanoho araite whakamahi i te tātaritanga FEM hei whakatau i ngā tūranga papa pēhi tino pai hei whakaiti i ngā ahotea mōrahi o te āputa hinu.
• Te rahi o te paipa hinue whakataurite ana i ngā whakaritenga hiko (ngā āputa iti ake mō te PDIV teitei ake) me ngā hiahia whakamatao (rere hinu rawaka).

Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV, kua kitea e mātou ngā tikanga takai honohonomā te whakamahi i ngā ōrau honohono i runga ake i te 65-70% ka tino whakapai ake i te tohatoha ngaohiko hiko, ka whakaiti i ngā ahotea i runga i ngā kōpae tuatahi tae atu ki te 50% ki te whakataurite ki ngā hoahoa tuku iho.

Akoranga Take: Te Whakatinanatanga Angitu i roto i te Whakawhiti 220kV

Ko tā mātou kaupapa hou e whakamahi ana i tētahi whakawhiti hiko ātete-teitei 220kV e whakaatu ana i te whai huatanga o ēnei rautaki whakapai ake. I whakaatuhia e te hoahoa tuatahi he nui rawa ngā kukū o ngā mara hiko (tae atu ki te 9.5kV/mm) i roto i te āputa matua i waenga i ngā takai hiko-teitei me ngā takai hiko-iti, inā koa tata ki ngā pito o te takai.

Mā te tātaritanga FEM auau mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmanawa motuhake (HSSSM), i whakatinanahia e mātou tētahi kete whakapainga whānui:

1. Mowhiti hiko pūmau kua hangaia anōme te piko me te tūnga kua tino pai.
2. Ngā mowhiti koki tāpiriki ngā pito takai hei wehewehe i te rōrahi hinu, hei whakapai ake hoki i te kaha ngokingoki.
3. Te whakaritenga ārai kua whakarerekētiate hanga i ngā āputa hinu iti ake, ōrite ake (6-8mm) hei utu mō ngā āputa hinu nui ake (12-15mm).

He mea whakamiharo ngā hua: kua heke te kaha o te mara mōrahi ki te 6.2kV/mm (he whakapainga 35%), me te tohatoha mara ōrite ake puta noa i te hanganga whakamarumaru. I angitu te whakawhiti hiko kua whakarerekētia ki te whakaoti i ngā whakamātautau noa me ngā whakamātautau momo katoa, tae atu ki te ngaohiko ātete auau mana (460kV mō te 1 meneti) me ngā whakamātautau tere uira (1050kV), me ngā taumata tukunga wāhanga i raro tonu i te 10pC.

Ngā Whakaarohanga Hanga me te Kounga

Ahakoa te hoahoa tino matatau, kāore e whai hua mena kāore he mana whakahaere hanga tika. Kei roto i tā mātou kaupapa whakapūmau kounga mō te whakamarumaru o te whakawhiti hiko 220kV:

• Te whakahaere tukanga tataurangai te wā e hangaia ana te papa pēhi me te huihuinga o ngā wāhanga.
• Te whakamaroke korehau me te whakakī hinungā tukanga e whakarite ana kia tangohia katoatia te makuku me ngā hau e tīmata ai te tukunga wāhanga.
• Mahere tukunga wāhangai roto i ngā whakamātautau hihiri hei tautuhi me te whakatika i ngā hapa hangahanga.

Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko 220kV, ka whakatinanahia e mātou ngā tikanga horoi tino pakari i te wā e huihui ana ngā takai me ngā mahi tāke, nā te mea ka taea e ngā poke moroiti te whakaiti i te kaha o te whakamarumaru i raro i ngā mara hiko teitei.

Ngā Auahatanga o te Hangarau Whakamarumaru ā-Mārama

Kei te haere tonu te whanaketanga o te whakamarumaru whakawhiti me ētahi whanaketanga whai hua:

• Hangarau māhanga matihikote waihanga i ngā tārua mariko o ngā pūnaha whakamahana mō te aroturukitanga mahi wā-tūturu me te tiaki matapae.
• Te aroturukitanga o ngā āhuatanga matataute whakamahi i ngā pūoko muka whatu kua whakauruhia hei aroturuki i ngā mahi tukunga wāhanga me ngā wāhi werawera puta noa i te roanga mahi o te whakawhiti hiko.
• Ngā wai whakamahana taiaopērā i ngā esters taiao e tuku ana i ngā pūwāhi ahi teitei ake me te hototahi taiao pai ake me te pupuri tonu i te mahi dielectric.

Mō ngā tono 220kV, e tino harikoa ana mātou mō ngā tono ako mīhinii roto i te arotautanga hoahoa whakamarumaru, ka taea e ngā rauropi te arotake tere i ngā mano tini o ngā rerekētanga hoahoa hei tautuhi i ngā whirihoranga tino pai e whakataurite ana i ngā whakaaro hiko, wera, me te ōhanga.

Whakamutunga

Ko te arotau i ngā āputa whakamahana matua i waenga i ngā koiri o te whakawhiti hiko 220kV he wero hangarau matatau e hiahia ana ki te mōhiotanga hohonu ki te ariā dielectric, ngā āheinga whakaata matatau, me te tohungatanga hanga mahi. Mā te tātari whānui i te mara hiko me ngā rautaki whakapai ake kua whakaritea, ka taea e tātou te whakapai ake i te pono me te roa o te ora o te whakawhiti hiko.

E whakaatu ana tā mātou huarahi ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake te hoahoa whakamarumaru rautaki i te mahi hiko-kore anake, engari ka taea hoki e ia ngā whakawhiti hiko kiato ake, kia iti ake hoki te utu. Mā te whakatinana i ēnei tikanga matatau, ka tukuna e mātou ngā whakawhiti hiko e eke ana ki ngā paerewa ahumahi, me te whakarato hoki i te pono o te mahi me ngā painga katoa o te utu o te mana ki ō mātou kiritaki.

I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau, ka noho pūmau tonu mātou ki te whakauru i ngā whanaketanga hou o te hoahoa whakamātao, kia whai hua ai ā mātou kiritaki i ngā otinga whakawhiti hiko pono me te whai hua e wātea ana i te mākete.

Whakapā mai ki tā mātou tīma hangarau i tēnei rāki te matapaki me pēhea e taea ai e tō mātou tohungatanga hoahoa whakamarumaru motuhake te whakarei ake i te mahi me te pono o āu kaupapa whakawhiti hiko 220kV.